**Early Detection and Prevention**
Breast cancer is one of the few cancers that can be detected through self-examination. The earlier it is discovered, the higher the chances of a cure. Taking proactive measures is the first line of defense against breast cancer. Prevention starts with lifestyle habits—moderate exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, regular check-ups, and increasing awareness about breast cancer.
**Genetic Awareness**
If a first-degree relative (such as a mother or sister) has been diagnosed with breast cancer, especially before the age of 50, extra caution is necessary. While most breast cancer cases are sporadic, genetic risk factors cannot be ignored and should be carefully managed.
Individuals with a family history of breast cancer have a higher risk of developing the disease and should start regular breast examinations earlier. Monthly self-examinations and annual mammograms are recommended to monitor breast health. However, having a family history does not guarantee that one will develop breast cancer. With regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle, there is no need for excessive worry.
**Regular Examinations**
Developing a habit of regular breast examinations is fundamental in breast cancer prevention. Women should begin monthly self-examinations starting at age 20. The best time for self-examination is about a week after menstruation, when breast tenderness has subsided and breast tissue is soft again.
Since Asian women tend to develop breast cancer at a younger age than Western women, the following screening schedule is recommended:
– Ages 20–39: Clinical breast exam or mammogram every three years.
– Ages 40+: Mammogram at least every two years.
**Three Effective Breast Examination Methods:**
1. Self-Examination
– Frequency: Monthly for ages 20+
– Purpose: Helps women become familiar with their breasts, making it easier to detect abnormalities.
2. Clinical Breast Examination
– Frequency: Every 3 years (ages 20–39), every 2 years (ages 40+)
– Purpose: Performed by a doctor or nurse to check for lumps or unusual changes.
3. Mammogram
– Frequency: As advised by a doctor for ages 20–39; every 2 years for ages 40+
– Purpose: Uses compression and X-rays to detect tumors, including early-stage cancers and calcifications.
**Other Breast Imaging Techniques: **
1. Ultrasound Scan
– Uses sound waves to create images, helpful in distinguishing cysts from tumors.
– Fluid-filled cysts (common in women over 40) do not produce echoes, while solid tumors (benign or malignant) do.
– Benign tumors are usually smooth and uniform, whereas malignant tumors are irregular in shape and structure.
2. Digital Mammography
– Provides clearer digital images and allows computer-assisted analysis.
– Images can be shared electronically worldwide.
– Disadvantage: Higher cost.
3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
– No radiation exposure; better at distinguishing between benign and malignant tumors.
– Particularly useful for post-surgery monitoring.
– Disadvantage: Expensive.
– The American Cancer Society recommends annual MRI + mammogram for high-risk patients.
4. Ductography
– Used when nipple discharge suggests a possible ductal tumor.
– A contrast dye is injected into the milk ducts to locate abnormalities.
– Helps surgeons pinpoint the exact area for biopsy or surgery.
**Exercise**
Moderate exercise strengthens cardiovascular health, improves circulation, and helps eliminate toxins and excess fat from the body, reducing disease risk. Studies show that walking briskly for at least 3 hours per week can lower the risk of breast cancer.
By adopting these preventive measures, women can take control of their breast health and reduce the threat of breast cancer.